Oracle
From GarrettHoneycutt
Starting / Stopping
The following can be done on any node of a RAC cluster.
To shut down a RAC database (all instances)
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl [start|stop] database -d
To shut down a RAC database instance
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl [start|stop] instance -d -I
For a one node cluster
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl [start|stop] database -d <database_name>